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Aug 18

Why Is My Gas Mileage So Good?

Posted on Tuesday, August 18, 2009 in Environmental Crisis

In a statement written by an agency of the Baha’i faith we read:

Writing to the political and religious leaders of his own day, Bahá’u'lláh said that new capacities of incalculable power – beyond the conception of the generation then living – were awakening in the earth’s peoples, capacities which would soon transform the material life of the planet. It was essential, he said, to make of these coming material advances vehicles for moral and social development. If nationalistic and sectarian conflicts prevented this from happening, then material progress would produce not only benefits, but unimagined evils. Some of Bahá’u'lláh’s warnings awaken grim echoes in our own age: “Strange and astonishing things exist in the earth”, he cautioned. “These things are capable of changing the whole atmosphere of the earth and their contamination would prove lethal”
Baha’i International Community, 1999 Feb, Who is Writing the Future?

Why is my gas mileage so good considering that I drive an SUV? My mileage figures never dip below 22.8 mpg and go as high as 29 mpg on long trips. In other words, I always get better than the EPA estimates for the model I drive, a Toyota Highlander Hybrid. The average SUV gets between 12 mpg (city) and 17 mpg (highway). I am taking these estimates both from the Consumer reports annual automobile issue and the EPA. Most SUVs have less total horsepower than my car has. Point by point, here are a few things that I do.

Air conditioning

According to Consumer Reports and my own observations, running your air conditioner will cost you a loss of about one mile per gallon. Rolling the windows down will create enough aerodynamic drag on the vehicle to cost you more than two miles per gallon. An overheated driver can easily become impaired so that is another consideration. Many contemporary cars have automatic climate control. In my car, I use the climate controls to set it to 70 degrees. My home is a different story altogether. I set the temperature at home to 80 degrees, which is reasonably comfortable. One reason why the revised Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) figures are a little more accurate is that they run a car’s air conditioning during part of their tests. That’s still not quite real world but it is more realistic.

A gem from Discover Magazine, June 2008: “Keep your windows closed at high speeds — drag from open windows can reduce a car’s fuel efficiency by 10 percent.” Here is another reference as part of an article titled Debunking Gas-saving Myths. Full article.

Cruise Control

Cruise control even at boulevard speeds always delivers better mileage. You should engage cruise control whenever there isn’t too much congestion. My car has a real time gas consumption gauge right in the center of the dashboard. My son’s large SUV has one also but it only emphasizes the discouraging truth of such a large vehicle. It lost so much value recently that he couldn’t get rid of it. Even a gentle temporary tap on the gas pedal can drop the car’s steady consumption rate at 45 – 60 mph down from better than 40 mpg to less than 20 mpg. That’s exactly what the figures are for the car I drive. Drivers who don’t use cruise control are constantly stepping on the gas pedal. After having made four cross-country trips this past year, I am reasonably sure that practically nobody uses cruise control except possibly the police.

energymonitor Why Is My Gas Mileage So Good? I get practically the same mileage at 55 mph that I do at 70 to 74 mph. That’s probably because my car’s engine is simply running at the most efficient part of its torque range. This is the first car I ever owned without a tachometer so I can’t be sure. I can’t shift gears anyway because it has a continuously variable transmission (CVT). Not only hybrids have that nowadays. The computer shifts more efficiently through an essentially infinite range than I ever could shift by myself. A smartly programmed computer is also why some cars now get better mileage with automatic transmissions than with manual ones.

If you read your Owner’s Manual (hardly anyone ever does) you’ll find your car’s torque peak RPM. That’s where it’s very efficient. Until you get over about 70 mph you might be getting the nearly the same mileage that you do at 55 to 60 mph. This doesn’t work on hybrids because they don’t have tachometers anymore and their automatic transmissions are continuously variable. The only setting is D for Drive.

Fast Starts

Avoiding fast starts is wasteful; that’s a given. Cars that take a long time to approach the speed level or whatever level most traffic wants to drive at are wasting gas. Not only do they lug and thus wear their engines, they frustrate other typically impatient drivers who will inevitably pass them, sometimes recklessly, and thus the total carbon emissions are greatly increased. The same idea holds true on the highway but more emphatically. The slower drivers are directly causing more carbon emissions. When they drive below the flow of traffic in the middle or fast lanes (a frequent occurrence) the effect is even worse. A slow driver in a fast lane is often an indicator of impairment and is usually dangerous aside from causing an increased overall carbon footprint.

I learned to drive in California. Thus, I learned that safe driving means entering a freeway at or near the speed of oncoming traffic. The state of Washington has a number of unintelligently designed freeway entrances where you have to come to a full stop at the end of the entrance lane. Then you must make a desperate attempt to speedup to avoid a collision with oncoming traffic. I never adjusted to that. In Georgia, the law requires you to move into another lane to enable traffic to enter the freeway at a safe speed.

I drove from Seattle to near Macon, Georgia in 1998, a distance of 2875 miles (4600 km) in just over 70 hours. I never exceeded the posted speed limits by more than two or three miles per hour. Experienced cross-country drivers know that prolonged speeding causes extreme tension which produces rapid exhaustion and impairment. Cruise control not only gave me better gas mileage; it kept me from becoming exhausted so I needed fewer rest breaks. If 70 hours for such a long trip seems short to you, it really is not short at all. It means that I only covered 41 miles per hour. On a shorter cross country trip, an average of 50 to 60 mph is a good estimate.

Tire Pressure

Regarding tire pressure, the owner’s manual or glove box recommendations are rarely optimal for best mileage. In American cars, the recommended pressures are intended to give a soft “boulevard ride” which is wasteful for a variety of obvious reasons including tire wear and handling issues. If you have Firestone tires, ask a Firestone dealer what the pressure really should be and so on, Michelin, etc. Better yet, ask the service writers at your car dealership. They usually know what is really best and for most vehicles it will be one to three units higher than what the auto manual says it ought to be.

If you don’t do this yourself and drive to a gas station to do it instead (where it costs money) it won’t help you. That’s because your tires build up pressure within a few blocks after you get started. If you rely on your oil change place or dealer to correctly inflate your tires that won’t help either. By the time you get there, your tires will already have more than the recommended pressure from the heat buildup of driving. They are just as likely to bleed air from the tires so you’ll be worse off than when you started. This is very common at “quick lube” places. A pressure reading is only meaningful when the tires are cold and you haven’t driven on them. You should get about two miles more out of every gallon if you pay close attention to tire pressure.

Reference: Saving Gas The Easy Way.

Idling the engine

My car only idles for 30 seconds after a complete stop. It automatically restarts the engine after you’re going about 20 mph. If your car has a well-maintained battery and electrical system you can also do that. Just turn off the engine if you have an unusually prolonged stop.

Fill up at the discount stations rather than the brand names. They sell exactly the same gas and quality as everyone else but for a little less money. Discover Magazine: claims that you should fill your tank in the evening. They observe that gas expands when it’s hot outside. Gas pumps measure gas by volume so if the temperature has cooled down you’ll get a little more gas for the same price. However, since the gas is stored underground where the temperature is nearly constant this tip probably doesn’t make any difference.

One more item that many people overlook: tighten your gas cap! You can lose more than 30 gallons a year through evaporative leakage otherwise. Discover Magazine, June 2008, has startling statistics on the extent of that loss in the state of California.

Finally, Consumer Reports is little better than a rough guess and nowadays it’s less accurate in some cases than the recently overhauled EPA estimates. Case in point:
Consumer Reports and Hybrid Cars. I drive a larger vehicle because I have to haul things including very large dogs.

Question

What if it were impossible for cars and trucks to go faster than 60 mph?

Passing other vehicles even when necessary for safety would be very difficult. In addition, the ability to make emergency avoidance maneuvers would be compromised. Hill climbing would be difficult. I remember a VW that I owned briefly in the 1960’s. It had difficulty reaching 45 mph uphill on the highway and several times was nearly engulfed by large tractor trailers. It was totaled by a head-on collision with an equally underpowered paper-strong car so I was rid of that death trap. That calamity was providential. I was unhurt when a drunken teenager crossed the median and hit me but the car was wiped out. I saw him coming but could not speedup to avoid a collision. Braking would have caused a pileup with ensuing destruction from behind. There was a lot of space in front of me but I could not reach it because the vehicle had so little power.

In other words, there are many factors to consider. I find it noteworthy that luxury cars continue to advertise ever more powerful engines.

The Top Ten Polluting Cars

Forbes Magazine published a list of the top ten most polluting cars. Click for a complete list of the top ten (there are several models on each level).

The top ten list includes nine Mercedes-Benz models, two BMW models, and the Volkswagen Touareg, the Number One most polluting car on the American road. Inclusions of these models are not surprising: GMC Suburban, GMC Tahoe, GMC Yukon, and some Jeep models. The list also includes six SUVs that are Flex Fuel (gas or ethanol). There are no Japanese car models in the top ten. With the exception of the Ford F-150 and Lincoln Navigator, there are no other Ford models on the list.

I can’t help but wonder what twisted logic motivated GM to introduce a pair of three-1/2 ton Hybrids. I read that they command close to a $20,000 price premium over their non-Hybrid equivalents. Not only would there never be any possible payback but also the environmental cost just to manufacture one is staggering. It was only recently that American manufacturers learned how to make their own hybrids and stopped licensing the technology from Toyota. Maybe they saw the inevitable crisis at last because it’s hard to see what else might motivate new engineering. Who buys such behemoths? Often it’s simply retired empty nesters that cannot possibly need Jabba-the-Hut land barges.

“Although American consumers are becoming more aware of environmental issues, they’re a long way from choosing vehicles for purely altruistic ecological reasons. ‘By and large most people believe that they have a right, a God-given American right, to drive whatever car they want and can afford,’ says Dr. Charles Kenny, a psychologist and president of The Right Brain People, a psychology research firm based in Cordova, Tenn. ‘Americans still have a love affair with their vehicles, which are associated in their minds with freedom and independence.’”
http://www.forbesautos.com/advice/toptens/worst-polluters-2008-story.html?partner=fadc_ss_most_polluting

The reason gas prices are so high are many including but not limited to the incredibly high cost of a useless war, government unwillingness to promote alternative energy, runaway profit taking by the oil companies, dwindling supply in areas where it still makes sense economically or is environmentally safe to drill, and a host of others.

Each time I’m in Atlanta I am amazed at how fast people drive. Driving 15 to 20 miles over the speed limit is typical. Atlanta has some freeways that are as broad as 14 lanes wide in places. People speed even in the “slow” lanes. Pickup drivers and tractor-trailer drivers are the worst offenders. You see Sheriff Bubba lying in wait in speed traps all over the state but not in Atlanta. That is one of the significant reasons the Atlanta area is so heavily polluted.

Interesting sidebar: Crude oil does not come from decaying dinosaurs. That’s a fable spread by Evangelicals who think dinosaurs all died because of a world-encompassing flood 4000 years ago. Oil is actually composed of zooplankton and algae. They believe that since we’re only going to be here for a short time until the rapture comes that it makes perfect sense to use up every resource. Evangelicals are one of the major voting blocks in the US.

Question

Eventually, fossil fuels will go the way of coal and steam fired engines. Won’t that make a large difference?

Yes, they have to do that. Not only are there sustainability issues but the pollution from fossil fuels now endangers the entire planet. Pollution threatens mass species extinction, loss of human habitats in coastal areas, and mass famines. The mad rush to “Americanize” in China will add tens of millions of new cars and thus accelerate the ongoing environmental catastrophe and hasten the tipping point. I believe the tipping point is inevitable.

Another interesting thing: the Northern hemisphere might not continue to get warmer. After the tipping point, it will get a lot colder due to the shutdown of the “ocean conveyor” and coming changes in the jet stream. Both of them control the weather of the Northern hemisphere. If the growing season shortens dramatically then crops will fail. Eventually that will lead to the same deprivations that are accelerating in Africa.

Question

Scientists are finding efficient ways of turning plant waste materials into biofuels instead of using food crops. Why isn’t that being done now in the US to any meaningful extent?

As long as agribusiness giants who dominate the American cornfields (Archer Daniels Midland is one) together with oil interests underwrite the US legislative and executive branches, that will not occur.

Question

Won’t higher fuel prices encourage conservation?

Obviously higher fuel costs impact the poor the most and the rural poor the most. Well-intentioned liberal thinkers who want to tax us into conservation and artificially boost the price of fuel even higher are totally disconnected from the poor and their needs. They drive their polluting diesel Mercedes and gas guzzling SUVs around big cities and remain as clueless as everyone else. If the US wasn’t spending a trillion dollars on a meaningless and destructive war, they could subsidize the price of fuel for the poor. Meanwhile the push for corn-based ethanol, a fuel whose production emits more pollution than it will save, drives up the price of food dramatically higher.

A Toyota Prius is manufactured at a high cost to the environment because its batteries (not to mention plastics and other materials) are highly toxic. The pollution lands in China, the manufacturer of the batteries and the source of its raw materials, where the rest of us don’t have to think about it. Prevailing winds from Asia drop the pollution they carry all over the American West the next day and every day after that. The Chinese government is as shortsighted about pollution as the US government and the giant oil companies. The enormous consequences of pollution and the staggering annual loss of lives it causes in China are well documented.

Recall the quote from Baha’u'llah that opened this essay: “These things are capable of changing the whole atmosphere of the earth and their contamination would prove lethal.” It can also refer to the consequences of environmental pollution rather than only as a reference to nuclear power and weapons. I have never read that implicated and additional meaning in any authoritative Baha’i text. It is purely an assumption on my part to extend the meaning because it makes practical sense.

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Aug 18

My Neurons May Explode

Posted on Tuesday, August 18, 2009 in Commentary

explodingneuronsv My Neurons May Explode
All too often I come upon statements or ideas that are so outrageously narrow-minded, misinformed, or wrongheaded that they nearly put me into shock.

Here are a nine recent ones (This article was originally published in Jan. 2008 and has not been updated):

Rush Limbaugh has said “Feminism was established to allow unattractive women easier access to the mainstream.”

Pat Robertson’s contribution to the conversation: “Feminism is a socialist, anti-family, political movement that encourages women to leave their husbands, kill their children, practice witchcraft, destroy capitalism and become lesbians.” – Quoted in Huffington Post

What century are we in? What century are they in? 19th Century? Earlier?

Here’s another one: “But even more chilling than these theological fantasies are the political realities LaHaye and his followers embrace. In his 1980 book Battle for the Mind, LaHaye depicted America as a Bible-based country under siege by an elite group of secular humanists conspiring to destroy Christianity. He asserted that secular humanism is ‘the world’s greatest evil and the most deceptive of all religious philosophies.’ It is characterized by its ‘particular hatred toward Christianity,’ and it has been turning our godly nation into one that promotes Darwinism and the mass murder of the unborn, promiscuity, the homosexual agenda, and more.”

I repeat: narrow-minded, misinformed, or wrongheaded. Add intolerant, and religiously bigoted to that. You cannot argue with people who make statements like of that nature. Fortunately at least half of all American Christians don’t think that way.

I sent a letter to Georgia’s two Senators asking for their comments on the Nobel Prize award to Al Gore. Oddly both responded with virtually the same message so I concluded that their replies were automatically generated. That’s understandable because they’re very busy people. What’s not understandable is that the entire text of the messages was extracted from an Exxon-Mobil handout to decision makers. The letters ended with this revealing comment: “At this time, common sense dictates that we need to be realistic about the cost and practicality of proposed emission reduction solutions, especially since the risks of climate change and its solutions are still open to debate.”

It’s not open to debate any longer. But –  action may threaten the bottom line of energy industry providers. That’s something they don’t want to happen regardless of consequences to global society.

China says West should deal with warming. China insisted Friday the U.S. and other wealthy nations should bear the burden of curbing global warming, saying the problem was created by their lavish way of life. It rejected mandatory emission cuts for its own developing industries.

China is already a bigger polluter than any other country. Given their goal of bringing one or two new coal-fired plants online every week they’ll get much much worse. Coal is the dirtiest form of energy production. The article doesn’t mention that but it’s a documented fact. It also doesn’t mention that approximately 700,000 Chinese die annually from causes directly related to pollution nor the 1000’s of square miles of agricultural land lost to the desert each year in China.

Computer Cults  — why on earth is a personal productivity choice so darn important that it inspires fanaticism?
Worshipping at the Altar of Mac
The Mac community is like a new-age religion, one expert argues, but is it truly a cult?
“The Mac and its fans constitute the equivalent of a religion,” Belk wrote in the video’s abstract. “This religion is based on an origin myth for Apple Computer, heroic and savior legends surrounding its co-founder and current CEO Steve Jobs, the devout faith of its follower congregation, their belief in the righteousness of the Macintosh, the existence of one or more Satanic opponents, Mac believers proselytizing and converting nonbelievers, and the hope among cult members that salvation can be achieved by transcending corporate capitalism.”

“And it [iPhone fan remarks] raised the disturbing question of whether technology is the new frontier of religious warfare.

I don’t mind the term Intelligent Design because it suggests a purposeful Creator. But there is a movement that used to be called Creationism that found a better term for marketing its ideas: Intelligent Design. For the most part it’s still literal adherence to Bronze Age mythology and seldom includes hard science unless it’s cherry picked (i.e. out of context) to prove a particular point. Many of its adherents have no scientific background. One bestseller on the topic sums up Quantum Physics in a short paragraph quoted from Discover Magazine because the author doesn’t comprehend it. Hugh Ross is the name of an astrophysicist who advocates a literal interpretation of scientific discoveries. He argues that in the entire Universe Earth is the only planet that can generate and sustain life. The deeper symbolisms of the Creation story are lost on him. Scientists who have only been exposed to literalist Christian ideas about creation sometimes reject religion altogether as tribal, mythic, or merely ignorant. Creationism’s Trojan Horse exposes the Intelligent Design movement. Close Connections by John Hatcher reconciles science and religion in an enlightened objective way.

Two more quickies: Pendulum list subscribers who blame Olanzapine (aka Zyprexa, a common medication for mood disorders) for their Diabetes. Nobody gets Diabetes as a side-effect of medication unless there are a great many other risk factors present at the same time. A few of them are dietary choices, stress level, serious health issues such as a high BMI, lifestyle, culture (refers back to dietary factors), habits, indulgences, and genes among others too numerous to mention. The majority of factors must be present or there’s no diabetic side effect. Diabetes has a multitude of causative factors. Diet is one of them: Original Human ‘Stone Age’ Diet Is Good For People With Diabetes, Study Finds

People who say that they’ve banned television from their homes because its content is objectionable. That’s an absurd generalization that fails to take into account the educational, cultural, and redeeming content that exists if a person is open-minded enough to find it and be enriched thereby. They might as well abandon or burn books because there are so many morally questionable or otherwise bad books in print. Wait, I almost forgot. In Georgia they do burn books. Condemning or banning an entire medium of communication is Luddite.

There are so many more but I just can’t go on.

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Jun 27

Smokehouse Dog Treats (Update)

Posted on Saturday, June 27, 2009 in German Shepherd Dogs

Before I begin here are today’s links:

First a blog by a puppy Ahava would love to meet. The human Buppy the Puppy owns was a classmate of mine in highschool.

And now a link that’s relevant to today’s topic:
“”What should you be feeding your pets? … from healthiest down to the nutritional dregs.”
http://www.sunherald.com/384/story/155203.html

A few days ago in my entry about my German Shepherd Dog, Ahava, I wrote glowingly about Smokehouse Chicken Treats for dogs. But I was wrong. This story got almost no publicity when it broke:

PetSmart, a national pet-product retailer with 38 stores in Palm Beach and Broward counties, has voluntarily pulled two brands of jerky-style pet treats made in China while federal investigators continue to explore if such products are making dogs sick.

PetSmart spokeswoman Jennifer Ericsson said all flavors of Pet ‘n Shape and Smokehouse Pet Products jerky-type treats — including poppers, tenders and chips — have been taken off the shelves and stored “as a precautionary measure” while the company conducts its own tests.

The company’s decision followed a warning about such products issued last Thursday by the American Veterinary Medical Association, the nation’s leading professional group for vets. The Food and Drug Administration also confirmed last week that it was investigating jerky treats for contaminants.
http://www.sun-sentinel.com/business/sfl-flhlpjerky0920nbsep20,0,6130730.story

Today 90% of the world’s vitamins and supplements are made in China, a country with few regulations or the oversights that exist in all Western countries. http://tinyurl.com/3domh7

Growing China produces most of world’s vitamins
China has cornered the global market for vitamins, and it is assuring a jittery world market that its tablets are safe.
SHIJIAZHUANG, China — If you pop a vitamin C tablet in your mouth, it’s a good bet it came from China.
In less than a decade, China has captured 90 percent of the U.S. market for vitamin C, driving almost everyone else out of business. Chinese pharmaceutical companies also have taken over much of the world market in the production of antibiotics, analgesics, enzymes and primary amino acids. — Miami Herald (url expired)

Most Synthetic Vitamins Are Now Made in China   http://tinyurl.com/27pjcx

“You may be surprised to know that China is actually one of the largest exporters of many drugs and vitamins. About 90 percent of all Vitamin C sold in the United States is from China, for example. They also produce 50 percent of the world’s aspirin and 35 percent of all Tylenol. Ditto for the majority of Vitamins A, B12 and E.
“Hot on the heels of the poisoned pet food scandal, and reported instances of toxic food and toothpaste, all eyes are now turning toward the Chinese vitamin market. How safe are they?
“The industry in China appears to be split between top-notch operations and bottom-of-the-barrel producers. Since the United States does not require country-of-origin labels for any of our drugs, foods or supplements, there is no telling where that vitamin you are taking came from.”

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Jun 27

Crystal Skulls, a Baha'i Connection?

Posted on Saturday, June 27, 2009 in Bahá'í Topics, Commentary

Can there possibly be a Baha’i tie-in or point of view on crystal skulls? I think there is but you will have to read all the way down to the bottom to find it.

A one hour special , “Crystal Skull” on the Sci-Fi Channel last month mentioned 16 of the following list of names or phrases. Three or more mentions is a strikeout. However, it got me to thinking about what other weird things people believe in without question and why they might believe them. Here are a few that come to mind:

Abominable Snowman – there is no evidence in the fossil record that gigantic primates ever existed. If there really was a giant ape in the snow fields of the Himalayas what could it possibly eat? Snow?

Ancient Astronauts – just because ancients carved a circle around a person’s head does not mean that they wore a space helmet; examples of this abound in images of Prophets and Saints. The pyramids were not built by levitation. There are a number of rational explanations that come from actual Egyptian pictorial records. We would know much more about the Mayan and Aztec pyramids if the Jesuit priests hadn’t destroyed every native text that they found.

Area 51 - there are probably no alien space ships there but there may be legitimate military secrets. Aliens smart enough to travel intergalactic distances are more than smart enough not to get caught by humans and certainly not to crash here.

Atlantis – if either “lost continent” or “advanced civilization” are mentioned. Greece , ancient Persia, and China among others were advanced civilizations compared to northern Europe at the time.

Bigfoot – there is no verifiable evidence but countless hoaxes exist.

Cattle and sheep mutilations – scientifically speaking, it’s probably insect predation. If secretive aliens allegedly mutilated animal bodies for experiments why would they leave them lying around to be discovered?

Chupacabra – it’s probably insect predation. Such predation sometimes occurs in regular geometric patterns in nature.

Communicates with your dead relatives – so-called Mediums are really “cold readers.” We all make very subtle eye movements and tics as we speak and listen to others. Some domestic animals are particularly good at reading them including dogs and horses. A well-trained human observer can also spot tell-tale facial movements and use them to their advantage to look like a genuine psychic.

Crop Circles – clever hoaxes have been shown to be the cause over and over again. Many of the best hoaxers have come forward to show how they made their complex geometric patterns in fields.

Crystal Skulls – if 13 skulls are mentioned; read on for more…

Crystals – they are not from advanced alien civilizations; so called mystical or healing powers are unproven scientifically. Advanced aliens probably wouldn’t use crystals for data storage when quantum level data storage is already being worked on in many of our own research laboratories.

Curse of the Mummy – unless it’s microorganisms, pathogens or pure coincidence.

Edgar Cayce - he was not a Prophet.

Face on Mars – humans see faces in practically anything including rocks and sand dunes.

Garden of Eden – if “discovered” is mentioned because it’s just a purely symbolic metaphor. Human life did not begin in a garden and snakes don’t talk either.

Ghost Hunters – no real ghost has been or ever will or can be found.

Glastonbury, England – it’s just a hill.

Haunted hotels – rodents inside the walls and other natural phenomena including but not limited to drafts, or natural decomposition within the walls.

Holy Grail – if it’s allegedly Mary Magdalene. Why wouldn’t Jesus have wanted us to know about something so significant if it really happened?

Knights Templar – if buried treasures or just discovered hidden or esoteric secrets are mentioned.

Ley Lines – if anything remotely like lines of force exist they are probably weak natural electromagnetic phenomena. Some animals and fish can sense electromagnetic fields but humans cannot.

Life on Mars – maybe a billion or more years ago before Mars lost its magnetic poles and surface water there might have been life. If there is any microbial life left on on Mars now NASA’s Phoenix Lander plans to kill it. That’s right, they are going to bake a soil sample in an oven and then test it for life.

Loch Ness Monster – could anything that large really remain hidden and avoid discovery despite thousands of efforts to find it? It could hardly evade radar and state of the art scanners that have been used to find it. Let’s be realistic.

Lost Gospels – they were rejected for a reason; many are pseudepigrapha and many more are just bizarre remnants of small early sects like the Gnostics. You can’t rule out clever forgeries also.

Macchu Picchu – an impressive architectural feat only; there is nothing sacred within it but there might have been an altar or two many centuries ago. People get the “chills” there because they anticipate that they will, a well-known psychological phenomena. A civilization that practiced human sacrifice does not give me a warm feeling.

Mayan calendar – if the year 2012 is mentioned; it doesn’t predict anything but the orbits of some visible planets and the arrival of the seasons for planting and harvesting.

Mt. Ararat – unless it’s about local Turkish geography. No identifiable artificial piece of wood from an alleged Ark could have survived without rotting for so many thousand years. No ship could have possibly been large enough to accommodate hundreds of thousands of species nor was there any guarantee that they would reproduce. Many animals never reproduce in captivity. What did animals eat on the ark for 40 days if not each other? Furthermore ecosystems are so complex that you can’t just disembark some animals on dry land and expect them to survive. How would herbivores have survived on rotting vegetable matter?

Mu, Continent of – it never existed.

Mysterious energy – all energy is mysterious until science can measure and theorize about it.

Nazca Lines – if landing strips are mentioned. Why would aliens require landing strips or anything else in the shape of enormous birds and spiders? Were they billboards?

Never before seen by Western eyes – it was probably seen by somebody.

Nostradamus, prophecies of – so vague that they can mean anything you want them to mean in hindsight. However it’s good for book sales to the gullible.

Planetary alignment – a meaningless periodic astronomical event. The gravity or “secret forces” of planets millions and in most cases billions of miles away cannot possibly affect our planet.

Prophesied Armageddon – especially if it’s in the Mayan calendar and unless it’s a reference to specific Biblical verses.

Pyramids – except in references to archaeology.

Race of Giants – rearranged fossil bones found by ancient peoples who didn’t know what they were because they didn’t have instruments to analyze and date them.

Roswell – absolutely no reasonable or reliable proof has ever surfaced and probably never will. If the Air Force hadn’t been so secretive and disingenuous Roswell would have soon been forgotten. Look here for a more likely explanation. A ’spaceship’ doesn’t cross the vastness of space with all its dangers of cosmic debris and deadly radiation only to get hit by lightning and crash here. It’s enlightening to learn about the military background of Roswell and the political climate of the times. Witnesses? They all give different accounts. The Roswell story surfaced 30 years after the so-called incident. Authors who pretentiously call themselves “ufologists” keep the story going and it’s good for the local tourist trade too.

“I think that it is much more likely that the reports of flying saucers are the results of the known irrational characteristics of terrestrial intelligence than of the unknown rational efforts of extra-terrestrial intelligence.” — Richard Feynman. (Click the link for the complete context of his remarks.)

Sacred site known only to… – then let’s be respectful and keep it that way.

Sedona, Arizona - it’s just a city with a higher than average percentage of New Agers. There is no mystical power there.

Stonehenge – aliens didn’t build it any more than they built the pyramids. Humans may have taken many decades to build it but they were indeed the builders. And they probably built it long before the Druids existed.

UFOs were seen hovering over… – unexplained phenomena might have been seen but there’s nearly always a logical and rational explanation. More often than not they are just gas bubbles or tricks of light.

Vortexes – perceptual tricks and illusions. Water, for example, cannot run uphill unless it is pumped.

All of the crystal skulls that have been found so far are quite different from one another. Most are crudely made with obvious tool marks showing. There is no alleged alien technology there. Quartz crystals cannot be scientifically dated. That is important to note because the first one which was allegedly found in Belize has no tool marks that the Mayans could have possibly made. It does not follow logically that the skulls were made by aliens or any other allegedly advanced civilization except our own. Since the 19th century there have been tools and technologies to make finely polished very hard objects into any desired form. Most of the handful of crystal skulls that are now in collections around the world are actually somewhat crude in appearance and they are all different sizes and colors.

The Mayans were a Stone Age culture. There is not a single Mayan artifact in existence that was not obviously crafted with Stone Age tools. Therefore the skull is modern or at least significantly post-Mayan. Additionally there is no proof of any kind that the first crystal skull was actually found in Belize early in the 20th Century. The photographs of the expedition to Belize that allegedly found the “perfect” skull do not show it. There is no proof that 13 crystal skulls exist or that aligning them will “save the earth from catastrophe in 2012.” A handful of New Age authors with little or no academic credentials simply say so but that doesn’t make it so nor does it mean anything serious. Nobody knows if there are any more crystal skulls because there is no evidence of any more. The explorer who found the first skull allegedly found a second one also. A modern explorer claims that it was deliberately hidden in an inaccessible location. Why would anyone have made such a discovery inaccessible? It makes no sense because it never happened.

Therefore crystal skulls are exactly what George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, and Harrison Ford say they are, namely adventurous and fictional entertainment.

From Wikipedia:
“The crystal skulls are a number of human skull models fashioned from blocks of clear or milky quartz crystal rock, claimed to be pre-Columbian Mesoamerican artifacts by their alleged finders. However, none of the specimens made available for scientific study were authenticated as pre-Columbian in origin, and in the opinion of the contemporary mainstream scientific community they were manufactured in the mid-19th century or later, almost certainly in Europe. Despite some claims presented in an assortment of popularising literature, legends of crystal skulls with mystical powers do not figure in genuine Mesoamerican or other Native American mythologies and spiritual accounts.

“The skulls are often claimed to exhibit paranormal phenomena by some members of the New Age movement, and have often been portrayed as such in fiction. Perhaps the most widely known of such portrayals occurs in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, the fourth film of its series, and elsewhere within that franchise. Crystal skulls have been a popular subject appearing in numerous sci-fi television series, novels and video games.

“… Anna Hedges claimed that she found the skull buried under a collapsed altar inside a temple in Lubaantun, in British Honduras, now Belize. As far as can be ascertained, F.A. Mitchell-Hedges himself made no mention of the alleged discovery in any of his writings on Lubaantun. Also, others present at the time of the excavation have not been documented as noting either the skull’s discovery or Anna’s presence at the dig.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_skull

So why do many people believe the outrageous or the untenable? Why do they believe literal end of the world stories, aliens who are coming to save us, world dominating plots by secret cabals, or mysterious energy forces? More importantly why do people believe in a a literal rapture, or that dead people will physically rise out of their coffins and put on flesh over their decayed remnants?

I think the answer is clear. What makes us human is that we question, reason out, and analyze things. We can do that with a lot more than we perceive with our physical senses. We have long term hopes and desires. A typical animals’s desires rarely extend beyond their next meal or anticipated mating. There is no human desire more profound or primal than the one to survive beyond physical death and to achieve some concept of personal salvation.

In the modern age where material excesses, waste on a vast scale, devastating wars, and advancing environmental catastrophe due to human activity cause planetary climate change, hopelessness is almost universal. Where many people fall back on their superstitions or what their traditional religious leaders tell them to think, many more thinking people look beyond those limiting views.

We can compare this situation to a worldwide illness.

“We can well perceive how the whole human race is encompassed with great, with incalculable afflictions. We see it languishing on its bed of sickness, sore-tried and disillusioned. They that are intoxicated by self-conceit have interposed themselves between it and the Divine and infallible Physician. Witness how they have entangled all men, themselves included, in the mesh of their devices. They can neither discover the cause of the disease, nor have they any knowledge of the remedy. They have conceived the straight to be
crooked, and have imagined their friend an enemy.”
Bahá’u’lláh, Tabernacle of Unity

We beseech the one true God, magnified be His glory, to enable us to recognize Him Whose unerring wisdom pervadeth all things and that we may acknowledge His truth. For once one hath recognized Him and borne witness to His Reality, one will no longer be troubled by the idle fancies and vain imaginings of men. The divine Physician hath the pulse of mankind
within His almighty grasp.
Bahá’u’lláh, Tabernacle of Unity

The different religious communities have failed to unite in the past, because the adherents of each have regarded the Founder of their own community as the one supreme authority, and His law as the divine law. Any Prophet Who proclaimed a different message was, therefore, regarded as an enemy of the truth. The different sects of each community have separated for similar reasons. The adherents of each have accepted some subordinate authority and regarded some particular version or interpretation of the Founder’s Message as the One True Faith, and all others as wrong. It is obvious that while this state of matters exists no true unity is possible. Bahá’u'lláh, on the other hand, teaches that all the Prophets were bearers of authentic messages from God; that each in His day gave the highest teachings of all are essentially in harmony, and are parts of a great plan for the education and the unification of humanity. He calls on the people of all denominations to show their reverence for their Prophets by devoting their lives to the accomplishment of that unity for which all the Prophets labored and suffered. In His letter to Queen Victoria He likens the world to a sick man whose malady is aggravated because he has fallen into the hands of unskilled physicians; and He
tells how the remedy may be effected:
Dr. J.E. Esslemont, Bahá’u’lláh and the New Era

The passage continues with this quote:

“That which God hath ordained as the sovereign remedy and mightiest instrument for the healing of the world is the union of all its peoples in one universal Cause, one common Faith. This can in no wise be achieved except through the power of a skilled, an all-powerful, and inspired Physician. By My life! This is the truth, and all else naught but error. Each time that Most Mighty Instrument hath come, and that Light shone forth from the Ancient Dayspring, He was withheld by ignorant physicians who, even as clouds, interposed themselves between Him and the world. It failed therefore, to recover, and its sickness hath persisted until this day. They indeed were powerless to protect it, or to effect a cure, whilst He Who hath been the Manifestation of Power amongst men was withheld from achieving His purpose, by reason of what the hands of the ignorant physicians have wrought.
Bahá’u’lláh, Epistle to the Son of the Wolf

So you don’t need to wait for 2012 and the end of a Mayan cycle and you don’t need to find and align make-believe artifacts to find a solution. All you need to do is exercise your God-given free will and your powers of rational and careful investigation into the solution. Aliens haven’t brought an answer but throughout the ages the Prophets of God have brought appropriate solutions for the times and circumstances in which they lived. Their powerful life and civilization changing influences were intended to last until the exigencies of a later age required new solutions or the powerful transforming influences of the old ones had waned. And that is why crystal skulls and the like are just hopeful fantasies.

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